Transformational leadership and career development on employee performance and job satisfaction as intervening variables
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Published:
Feb 28, 2024
Keywords:
Career Development, Employee Performance, Employee Job Satisfaction, Transformational, Leadership
Section
Economy
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Abstract
This research aims to examine the role of transformational leadership sand career development on employee performance which is mediated by employee job satisfaction at PT. Alfa Scorpii Marelan. Design/methodology/approach: Data was collected from 47 workers working in the automotive industry, namely PT. Alfa Scorpii Marelan branch, Medan city. Data collection was carried out through a survey design. Data analysis was carried out through structural equation modeling using PLS-Smart. Findings: Transformational leadership was found to influence job satisfaction, career development influenced job satisfaction, transformational leadership influenced employee performance, career development influenced employee performance, job satisfaction influenced employee performance, job satisfaction did not mediate the influence of transformational leadership on employee performance, job satisfaction. mediating the influence of career development on employee performance at PT. Alfa Scorpii Medan Marelan. Originality/value : This study describes the mechanism of the relationship between servant leadership, job satisfaction and career development
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Ananta Nst, N. and Mujiatun, S. . (2024) “Transformational leadership and career development on employee performance and job satisfaction as intervening variables”, Jurnal Mantik, 7(4), pp. 3816-3826. Available at: https://www.ejournal.iocscience.org/index.php/mantik/article/view/4838 (Accessed: 29July2026).
References
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Choi, SL, Goh, CF, Adam, MBH, & Tan, OK (2016). Transformational leadership, empowerment, and job satisfaction: The mediating role of employee empowerment. Human Resources for Health , 14 (1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-016-0171-2
Farisi, S., Andi Prayogi, M., & Juliana, E. (2021). the Influence of Work Motivation and Work Environment on Organizational Citizenship Behavior With Job Satisfaction As an Intervening Variable At the Youth and Sports Office of North Sumatra Province. International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS) , 1 (2), 257–268. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijebas.v1i2.78
Group, S., & Problem, L. B. (2014). The Influence of the Non-Physical Work Environment and Organizational Commitment on Employee Performance with Intrinsic Job Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable .
Gusman, HE (2014). With Kinea Teacher at SMP N District . 2 , 293–301.
Haryadi, D., Prahiawan, W., Nupus, H., & Wahyudi, W. (2021). Transformational Leadership, Training, and Employee Performance: Mediation of Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Job Satisfaction. Ultima Management?: Journal of Management Science , 13 (2), 304–323. https://doi.org/10.31937/manajemen.v13i2.2311
Hidayanto, NR, & Kurniawan, IS (2022). The influence of transformational leadership, job satisfaction, extrinsic motivation, and work involvement on organizational commitment. The influence of transformational leadership, job satisfaction, extrinsic motivation, and work involvement on commitment o . 4 (4), 731–739.
Jufrizen. (2015). The Influence of Compensation and Career Development on Organizational Commitment with Job Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable at Pt. Perkebunan Nusantara Iii (Persero) Medan. Scientific Journal of Management and Business , Vol 15 (01), 1–11.
Khair, H., Putra, A., Siregar, W., & Hawariyuni, W. (2023). Person-Organization Fit and Employee Performance?: Mediation Role Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment . 19 (2), 360–378. https://doi.org/10.33830/jom.v19i2.5861.2023
Lestari, B., Novitasari, D., Silitonga, N., & Asbari, M. (2020). The Effect of Recruitment and Career Development on the Spirit of Teachers' Work Performance in MTs Nurul Huda . 1 (2), 108–121.
Magasi, C. (2021). The Role of Transformational Leadership on Employee Performance?: A Perspective of Employee Empowerment . 6 (6), 21–28.
Management, J., Sari, IP, & Rahyuda, AG (2022). The Influence of Career Development on Employee Performance Mediated by Job Satisfaction in Banks During the Covid-19 Pandemic. Bhishma: Journal of Management , 8 (2), 311–320. https://ejournal.undiksha.ac.id/index.php/BISMA-JM/article/view/46851
Masturoh, I., & Anggita, N. (2018). The Influence of Transformational Leadership Style on Job Satisfaction with Organizational Commitment as an Intervening Variable (Study of Balu Oto Work Yogyakarta Employees) . 1 (7), 195–204.
Ming-Chu, Y., & Meng-Hsiu, L. (2015). Unlocking the black box: Exploring the link between perceived organizational support and resistance to change. Asia Pacific Management Review , 20 (3), 177–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2014.10.003
Mufti, M., Xiaobao, P., Shah, S. J., Sarwar, A., & Zhenqing, Y. (2020). Influence of leadership style on job satisfaction of NGO employees: The mediating role of psychological empowerment. Journal of Public Affairs , 20 (1). https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.1983
Mujiatun, S. (2019). Emotional Exhaustion Model?: Antecedents and Impact on Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment of Lecturers Siti Mujiatun, Jufrizen, and Pandapotan Ritonga Muhammadiyah University of North Sumatra. MIX: Journal of Management Science , 9 (3), 447–465. https://mix.mercubuana.ac.id/media/293236-model-kelelahan-emosional-antaseden-dan-d69d4bd4.pdf
Munir, M., Issalillah, F., Darmawan, D., Sinambela, EA, & Mardikaningsih, R. (2022). Development of Employee Job Satisfaction in View of Compensation Policies and Career Development Systems. Jesya (Journal of Sharia Economics & Economics) , 5 (1), 717–724. https://doi.org/10.36778/jesya.v5i1.641
Nami Nasution, F., Mariatin, E., & Zahreni, S. (2018). The Influence of Career Development and Organizational Culture on Employee Performance. International Journal of Scientific Research and Management , 6 (01), 57–65. https://doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v6i1.el09
Nasution, MI, Akbar, MA, Afriliani, N., & Pratiwi, Y. (2023). The Role of Democratic Leadership and Work Support on Employee Performance is Mediated by Work Motivation. Jesya , 6 (2), 1636–1646. https://doi.org/10.36778/jesya.v6i2.1252
Niati, DR, Siregar, ZME, & Prayoga, Y. (2021). The Effect of Training on Work Performance and Career Development: The Role of Motivation as Intervening Variable. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences , 4 (2), 2385–2393. https://doi.org/10.33258/birci.v4i2.1940
Nugraha, DA, Nadeak, B., Martini, N., & Suyaman, DJ (2022). The Influence of Career Development and Competency on Job Satisfaction which Impacts the Performance of Civil Servants at the Maritime and Fisheries Service of West Java Province. At-Tadbir?: Management Scientific Journal , 6 (1), 81. https://doi.org/10.31602/atd.v6i1.5886
Nuriman, H. (2021). The Analysis Of Competence And Career Development Impact On Work Motivation And Its Implications Toward Employee's Performance . 1 (1), 10–17.
Nuriyah, S., Qomariah, N., & Setyowati, T. (2021). The Influence of Career Development, Work Environment and Work Discipline on the Performance of Padang Community Health Center Employees. MEA Scientific Journal (Management, Economics and Accounting) , 5 (3), 494–512.
Omar, MS, Rafie, N., & Ahmad Selo, S. (2020). Job Satisfaction Influences Job Performance Among Polytechnic Employees. International Journal of Modern Trends in Social Sciences , 3 (14), 39–46. https://doi.org/10.35631/ijmtss.314003
Permana, A., Aima, MH, Ariyanto, E., Nurmahdi, A., Sutawidjaya, AH, & Endri, E. (2021). The effect of compensation and career development on lecturer job satisfaction. Accounting , 7 (6), 1287–1292. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ac.2021.4.011
Pratama, A., Andini, R., Ratnawati, W., & Amalia, V. (2021). The Influence Of Transformational Leadership, Job Satisfaction, Motivation And Compensation On Mathematics School Teacher Performance . 12 (3), 3679–3684.
Purnama, Y. (2020). Effect of Compensation, Career Development on the Performance of Employees Through Job Satisfaction as Intervening Variable (Case Study at PT. Bank Syariah Mandiri in Indonesia) . 12 (3), 89–96.
Ratnasari, SL, Sutjahjo, G., & Adam. (2020). The effect of job satisfaction, organizational culture and leadership on employee performance. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health , 23 (13 A). https://doi.org/10.36295/ASRO.2020.231329
Rawashdeh, A.M., Elayan, M., Dawood, M., & Saleh, M.H. (2020). Job satisfaction as a mediator between transformational leadership and employee performance?: Evidence from a developing country . 10 , 3855–3864. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2020.7.026
Regiasa, T. (2014). The Influence of Transformational Leadership, Intrinsic Work Motivation, and Extrinsic Work Motivation on Employee Performance at the Regional Development Planning Agency of Pandeglang Regency. Paper Knowledge . Toward a Media History of Documents , 16 (2), 750–759.
Rosalia, PD, Mintarti, S., & Heksarini, A. (2020). The Effect of Compensation and Motivation on Job Satisfaction and Employee Performance at SMK Medika Samarinda . 6663 , 448–454. https://doi.org/10.36348/sjbms.2020.v05i07.009
Saban, D., Basalamah, S., Gani, A., & Rahman, Z. (2020). Impact Of Islamic Work Ethics, Competencies, Compensation, Work Culture On Job Satisfaction And Employee Performance?: The Case Of Four Star Hotels . 5 (1), 1–8.
Siangchokyoo, N., Klinger, R.L., & Campion, E.D. (2020). Follower transformation as the linchpin of transformational leadership theory: A systematic review and future research agenda. Leadership Quarterly , 31 (1), 101341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2019.101341
Sidik, AR, & Sutoyo, S. (2020). Analysis of Transformational Leadership, Commitment and Organizational Culture on Employee Performance of Pt. Angkasa Pura I (Persero) During the Covid 19 Pandemic. MEBIS (Management and Business) Journal , 5 (1), 69–79. https://doi.org/10.33005/mebis.v5i1.104
Singgih, E., Iskandar, J., Goestjahjanti, FS, & Fahlevi, M. (2020). Effect of Compensation, Career Development on the Performance of Employees Through Job Satisfaction as Intervening Variable (Case Study at PT. Bank Syariah Mandiri in Indonesia). European Journal of Business and Management . https://doi.org/10.7176/ejbm/12-3-11
Sutrisno, S., Herdiyanti, H., Asir, M., & ... (2022). The Impact of Compensation, Motivation and Job Satisfaction on Employee Performance in Companies: Literature Review. Management… , 3 (October), 3476–3482. https://journal.yrpipku.com/index.php/msej/article/view/1198%0A https://journal.yrpipku.com/index.php/msej/article/download/1198/809
Tanjung, BN, Rahman, Y., Budiyanto, Badawi, Suryana, AT, Sumar, WT, Mufid, A., Purwanto, A., & Warto. (2020). The influence of transformational leadership, job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior on the performance of Islamic school teachers. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy , 11 (7), 539–546. https://doi.org/10.31838/srp.2020.7.78
Wu, F., Ren, Z., Wang, Q., He, M., Xiong, W., Fan, X., Guo, X., Liu, H., & Zhang, X. (2020). The relationship between job stress and job burnout?: the mediating effects of perceived social support and job satisfaction. Psychology, Health & Medicine , 00 (00), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2020.1778750
Xie, X., Zhu, Q., & Qi, G. (2020). How can green training promote employee career growth? Journal of Cleaner Production , 259 , 120818. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120818
Yusuf Iis, E., Wahyuddin, W., Thoyib, A., Nur Ilham, R., & Sinta, I. (2022). the Effect of Career Development and Work Environment on Employee Performance With Work Motivation As Intervening Variable At the Office of Agriculture and Livestock in Aceh. International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS) , 2 (2), 227–236. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijebas.v2i2.191
Zainul Qoim, Eka Askafi, AT (2023). The Influence of Transformational and Transactional Leadership Styles on Employee Performance with Job Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable for Employees at IAIN Kediri . 23 , 321–335.
Zeb Assistant Professor, A., Saeed, G., & Rabi, F. (2015). Transformational and Transactional Leadership Styles and their Impact on the Performance of the Public Sector Organizations in Pakistan. Abasyn Journal of Social Sciences , 8 (2002), 37.
Badrianto, Y., & Ekhsan, M. (2019). Effect of Work Environment and Job Satisfaction on Employee Performance in Pt. Nesinak Industries. Management, and Accounting , 2 (1), 85–91. http://e-journal.stie-kusumanegara.ac.id
Bhola, S., & Nigade, J. J. (2016). Relationship between Work Life Balance, Quality of Work Life and Quality of Life of Women Working in Service Industry . July .
Buil, I., Martínez, E., & Matute, J. (2019). Transformational leadership and employee performance: The role of identification, engagement and proactive personality. International Journal of Hospitality Management , 77 (October 2017), 64–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.06.014
Choi, SL, Goh, CF, Adam, MBH, & Tan, OK (2016). Transformational leadership, empowerment, and job satisfaction: The mediating role of employee empowerment. Human Resources for Health , 14 (1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-016-0171-2
Farisi, S., Andi Prayogi, M., & Juliana, E. (2021). the Influence of Work Motivation and Work Environment on Organizational Citizenship Behavior With Job Satisfaction As an Intervening Variable At the Youth and Sports Office of North Sumatra Province. International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS) , 1 (2), 257–268. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijebas.v1i2.78
Group, S., & Problem, L. B. (2014). The Influence of the Non-Physical Work Environment and Organizational Commitment on Employee Performance with Intrinsic Job Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable .
Gusman, HE (2014). With Kinea Teacher at SMP N District . 2 , 293–301.
Haryadi, D., Prahiawan, W., Nupus, H., & Wahyudi, W. (2021). Transformational Leadership, Training, and Employee Performance: Mediation of Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Job Satisfaction. Ultima Management?: Journal of Management Science , 13 (2), 304–323. https://doi.org/10.31937/manajemen.v13i2.2311
Hidayanto, NR, & Kurniawan, IS (2022). The influence of transformational leadership, job satisfaction, extrinsic motivation, and work involvement on organizational commitment. The influence of transformational leadership, job satisfaction, extrinsic motivation, and work involvement on commitment o . 4 (4), 731–739.
Jufrizen. (2015). The Influence of Compensation and Career Development on Organizational Commitment with Job Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable at Pt. Perkebunan Nusantara Iii (Persero) Medan. Scientific Journal of Management and Business , Vol 15 (01), 1–11.
Khair, H., Putra, A., Siregar, W., & Hawariyuni, W. (2023). Person-Organization Fit and Employee Performance?: Mediation Role Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment . 19 (2), 360–378. https://doi.org/10.33830/jom.v19i2.5861.2023
Lestari, B., Novitasari, D., Silitonga, N., & Asbari, M. (2020). The Effect of Recruitment and Career Development on the Spirit of Teachers' Work Performance in MTs Nurul Huda . 1 (2), 108–121.
Magasi, C. (2021). The Role of Transformational Leadership on Employee Performance?: A Perspective of Employee Empowerment . 6 (6), 21–28.
Management, J., Sari, IP, & Rahyuda, AG (2022). The Influence of Career Development on Employee Performance Mediated by Job Satisfaction in Banks During the Covid-19 Pandemic. Bhishma: Journal of Management , 8 (2), 311–320. https://ejournal.undiksha.ac.id/index.php/BISMA-JM/article/view/46851
Masturoh, I., & Anggita, N. (2018). The Influence of Transformational Leadership Style on Job Satisfaction with Organizational Commitment as an Intervening Variable (Study of Balu Oto Work Yogyakarta Employees) . 1 (7), 195–204.
Ming-Chu, Y., & Meng-Hsiu, L. (2015). Unlocking the black box: Exploring the link between perceived organizational support and resistance to change. Asia Pacific Management Review , 20 (3), 177–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2014.10.003
Mufti, M., Xiaobao, P., Shah, S. J., Sarwar, A., & Zhenqing, Y. (2020). Influence of leadership style on job satisfaction of NGO employees: The mediating role of psychological empowerment. Journal of Public Affairs , 20 (1). https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.1983
Mujiatun, S. (2019). Emotional Exhaustion Model?: Antecedents and Impact on Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment of Lecturers Siti Mujiatun, Jufrizen, and Pandapotan Ritonga Muhammadiyah University of North Sumatra. MIX: Journal of Management Science , 9 (3), 447–465. https://mix.mercubuana.ac.id/media/293236-model-kelelahan-emosional-antaseden-dan-d69d4bd4.pdf
Munir, M., Issalillah, F., Darmawan, D., Sinambela, EA, & Mardikaningsih, R. (2022). Development of Employee Job Satisfaction in View of Compensation Policies and Career Development Systems. Jesya (Journal of Sharia Economics & Economics) , 5 (1), 717–724. https://doi.org/10.36778/jesya.v5i1.641
Nami Nasution, F., Mariatin, E., & Zahreni, S. (2018). The Influence of Career Development and Organizational Culture on Employee Performance. International Journal of Scientific Research and Management , 6 (01), 57–65. https://doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v6i1.el09
Nasution, MI, Akbar, MA, Afriliani, N., & Pratiwi, Y. (2023). The Role of Democratic Leadership and Work Support on Employee Performance is Mediated by Work Motivation. Jesya , 6 (2), 1636–1646. https://doi.org/10.36778/jesya.v6i2.1252
Niati, DR, Siregar, ZME, & Prayoga, Y. (2021). The Effect of Training on Work Performance and Career Development: The Role of Motivation as Intervening Variable. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences , 4 (2), 2385–2393. https://doi.org/10.33258/birci.v4i2.1940
Nugraha, DA, Nadeak, B., Martini, N., & Suyaman, DJ (2022). The Influence of Career Development and Competency on Job Satisfaction which Impacts the Performance of Civil Servants at the Maritime and Fisheries Service of West Java Province. At-Tadbir?: Management Scientific Journal , 6 (1), 81. https://doi.org/10.31602/atd.v6i1.5886
Nuriman, H. (2021). The Analysis Of Competence And Career Development Impact On Work Motivation And Its Implications Toward Employee's Performance . 1 (1), 10–17.
Nuriyah, S., Qomariah, N., & Setyowati, T. (2021). The Influence of Career Development, Work Environment and Work Discipline on the Performance of Padang Community Health Center Employees. MEA Scientific Journal (Management, Economics and Accounting) , 5 (3), 494–512.
Omar, MS, Rafie, N., & Ahmad Selo, S. (2020). Job Satisfaction Influences Job Performance Among Polytechnic Employees. International Journal of Modern Trends in Social Sciences , 3 (14), 39–46. https://doi.org/10.35631/ijmtss.314003
Permana, A., Aima, MH, Ariyanto, E., Nurmahdi, A., Sutawidjaya, AH, & Endri, E. (2021). The effect of compensation and career development on lecturer job satisfaction. Accounting , 7 (6), 1287–1292. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ac.2021.4.011
Pratama, A., Andini, R., Ratnawati, W., & Amalia, V. (2021). The Influence Of Transformational Leadership, Job Satisfaction, Motivation And Compensation On Mathematics School Teacher Performance . 12 (3), 3679–3684.
Purnama, Y. (2020). Effect of Compensation, Career Development on the Performance of Employees Through Job Satisfaction as Intervening Variable (Case Study at PT. Bank Syariah Mandiri in Indonesia) . 12 (3), 89–96.
Ratnasari, SL, Sutjahjo, G., & Adam. (2020). The effect of job satisfaction, organizational culture and leadership on employee performance. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health , 23 (13 A). https://doi.org/10.36295/ASRO.2020.231329
Rawashdeh, A.M., Elayan, M., Dawood, M., & Saleh, M.H. (2020). Job satisfaction as a mediator between transformational leadership and employee performance?: Evidence from a developing country . 10 , 3855–3864. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2020.7.026
Regiasa, T. (2014). The Influence of Transformational Leadership, Intrinsic Work Motivation, and Extrinsic Work Motivation on Employee Performance at the Regional Development Planning Agency of Pandeglang Regency. Paper Knowledge . Toward a Media History of Documents , 16 (2), 750–759.
Rosalia, PD, Mintarti, S., & Heksarini, A. (2020). The Effect of Compensation and Motivation on Job Satisfaction and Employee Performance at SMK Medika Samarinda . 6663 , 448–454. https://doi.org/10.36348/sjbms.2020.v05i07.009
Saban, D., Basalamah, S., Gani, A., & Rahman, Z. (2020). Impact Of Islamic Work Ethics, Competencies, Compensation, Work Culture On Job Satisfaction And Employee Performance?: The Case Of Four Star Hotels . 5 (1), 1–8.
Siangchokyoo, N., Klinger, R.L., & Campion, E.D. (2020). Follower transformation as the linchpin of transformational leadership theory: A systematic review and future research agenda. Leadership Quarterly , 31 (1), 101341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2019.101341
Sidik, AR, & Sutoyo, S. (2020). Analysis of Transformational Leadership, Commitment and Organizational Culture on Employee Performance of Pt. Angkasa Pura I (Persero) During the Covid 19 Pandemic. MEBIS (Management and Business) Journal , 5 (1), 69–79. https://doi.org/10.33005/mebis.v5i1.104
Singgih, E., Iskandar, J., Goestjahjanti, FS, & Fahlevi, M. (2020). Effect of Compensation, Career Development on the Performance of Employees Through Job Satisfaction as Intervening Variable (Case Study at PT. Bank Syariah Mandiri in Indonesia). European Journal of Business and Management . https://doi.org/10.7176/ejbm/12-3-11
Sutrisno, S., Herdiyanti, H., Asir, M., & ... (2022). The Impact of Compensation, Motivation and Job Satisfaction on Employee Performance in Companies: Literature Review. Management… , 3 (October), 3476–3482. https://journal.yrpipku.com/index.php/msej/article/view/1198%0A https://journal.yrpipku.com/index.php/msej/article/download/1198/809
Tanjung, BN, Rahman, Y., Budiyanto, Badawi, Suryana, AT, Sumar, WT, Mufid, A., Purwanto, A., & Warto. (2020). The influence of transformational leadership, job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior on the performance of Islamic school teachers. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy , 11 (7), 539–546. https://doi.org/10.31838/srp.2020.7.78
Wu, F., Ren, Z., Wang, Q., He, M., Xiong, W., Fan, X., Guo, X., Liu, H., & Zhang, X. (2020). The relationship between job stress and job burnout?: the mediating effects of perceived social support and job satisfaction. Psychology, Health & Medicine , 00 (00), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2020.1778750
Xie, X., Zhu, Q., & Qi, G. (2020). How can green training promote employee career growth? Journal of Cleaner Production , 259 , 120818. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120818
Yusuf Iis, E., Wahyuddin, W., Thoyib, A., Nur Ilham, R., & Sinta, I. (2022). the Effect of Career Development and Work Environment on Employee Performance With Work Motivation As Intervening Variable At the Office of Agriculture and Livestock in Aceh. International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS) , 2 (2), 227–236. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijebas.v2i2.191
Zainul Qoim, Eka Askafi, AT (2023). The Influence of Transformational and Transactional Leadership Styles on Employee Performance with Job Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable for Employees at IAIN Kediri . 23 , 321–335.
Zeb Assistant Professor, A., Saeed, G., & Rabi, F. (2015). Transformational and Transactional Leadership Styles and their Impact on the Performance of the Public Sector Organizations in Pakistan. Abasyn Journal of Social Sciences , 8 (2002), 37.
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