Loan to a bank under a credit agreement with a certificate of title as collateral
Main Article Content
Abstract
This research aims to analyse the problems arising in the granting of credit by PT Bank Sumut related to the inclusion of standard clauses in credit agreements that are detrimental to the debtor, in this case Rudi Hartono Silitonga. The case studied involves the provision of a credit facility with the type of KRK-SPK credit worth Rp. 4,500,000,000,- for financing the construction project of Bridge II Sta 0+815-Sta 0+835 (Sigalang-galang II Bridge) in Siantar Martoba District, Pematangsiantar City, which is guaranteed by a Certificate of Ownership (SHM) in the name of Irwan Nasution. The problems that arise are related to violations of the legal provisions governing the inclusion of standard clauses in credit agreements, which are allegedly not transparent and not in accordance with applicable consumer protection provisions. This research uses a normative legal approach to analyse the relevant laws and regulations as well as the credit agreement made unilaterally by the bank. The results showed that the standard clause in the credit agreement used by PT Bank Sumut had the potential to harm the debtor because there was no information disclosure regarding the transfer of obligations and conditions governing the transfer of insurance responsibility. In addition, arrangements regarding the transfer of credit risk are not adequately informed to the debtor, which leads to alleged violations of consumer rights. This research suggests the need for greater transparency in the preparation of clauses in credit agreements and the importance of better fulfilment of legal obligations by lenders to avoid harm to consumers
Article Details
How to Cite
Ismayani, I. (2025). Loan to a bank under a credit agreement with a certificate of title as collateral. Journal of Law Science, 7(2), 287-297. https://doi.org/10.35335/jls.v7i2.6096
References
Afhami, S. (2020). Value-based Standardised Bank Credit Agreement. Journal of International Law Reconstruction, I(1), 55–73.
Aditia Marta. (2020). Legal Protection Against Owners of Property Rights Certificates that are Used as Credit Collateral. Journal of Legal Science, 6(2), 1-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32493/jih.v6i2.1297
Alensia, M. P., & Lunandi, Y. Y. (2023). Granting credit based on collateral in the form of inherited objects on behalf of heirs in relation to the principle of legal certainty. Riwayat: Journal of History Education and Humanities, 6(2), 614-620. https://doi.org/10.24815/jr.v6i2.30887
Andryan, Azzahrafiya, and Siti Nurjanah. (2024). Juridical Analysis of Changes in Land Certificate Agreements Unilaterally by Creditors (Study of Decision No. 235/Pdt.G/2020/Pn Sgr). Journal of Legal Science, 6(4), 12421-12429. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32493/jih.v6i4.2214
Andryan, Azzahrafiya, and Siti Nurjanah. (2024). Juridical Analysis of Changes in Land Certificate Agreements Unilaterally by Creditors (Study of Decision No. 235/Pdt.G/2020/Pn Sgr). Journal of Legal Science, 6(4), 12421-12429. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32493/jih.v6i4.2214
Atikah, I. (2021). The urgency of a home ownership credit agreement as an effort to realise bank trust as a creditor. Journal of Law and Justice, 10(1), 31-63. https://doi.org/10.25216/jhp.10.1.2021.31-63
Aziz, A., Franciska, W., & Marniati, F. S. (2023). Legal Certainty of Mortgage Collateral on Certificate of Right to Use on Individual Property Rights Related to Refusal of Financing by Banks. Sentri: Journal of Scientific Research, 2(12), 5062-5071. Retrieved from https://ejournal.nusantaraglobal.or.id/index.php/sentri/article/view/1891
Andrianto. (2020). Credit Management Theories and Concepts for Commercial Banks (Pe. Print). CV. Qiara Media Publisher - Pasuruan, East Java.
Berlianty, T., Akyuwen, R. J., & Tas'an, D. P. (2023). Restructuring Banking Credit for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Due to the Covid-19 Pandemic. Batulis Civil Law Review,4 (1), 67. https://doi.org/10.47268/ballrev.v4i1.1497
Cahyaningrum, D., Hariyono, H. N. M., Budianto, E. W. H., & Dewi, N. D. T. (2023). Collateral in Sharia and Conventional Financial Institutions: VOSviewer Literature and Bibliometric Research.
Citra, H., Wahyuni, S., & Adbaida, A. (2024). Legal Certainty Regarding Repurchase Guarantees in Banking Agreements. Scientific Journal of Ecotrans & Erudition,4 (1), 184-190. https://doi.org/10.69989/swks7b89
Hidayat, R., & Pratiwi, A. M. (2021). Lending, Interest Income and Return On Equity at PT Bank SUMUT. Ihtifaz Annual Conference: Islamic ...,10 , 226-234. http://www.seminar.uad.ac.id/index.php/ihtifaz/article/view/6056%0Ahttp://www.seminar.uad.ac.id/index.php/ihtifaz/article/viewFile/6056/1316
Herryani, M. R. T. (2023). Guarantee of land rights that are transferred as objects of sale and purchase. Journal of Legal Reconstruction, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.26532/ijlr.v7i1.31207
Hulu, K. I. (2021). The evidentiary power of land title certificates as evidence of ownership rights. Journal of Arrow of Justice, 1(1), 27-31.
Ismayani, I. (2023). Reconstruction of Fiduciary Guarantee Execution Arrangements Due to Debtor Default Based on the Value of Justice (Doctoral dissertation, Sultan Agung Islamic University).
Ismayani, I., & Hayati, W. (2024). Review of Consumer Protection Law Against Default of Business Actors Engaged in Services. Journal of Social Science and Research, 7(2), 431-440. https://doi.org/10.54314/jssr.v7i2.1854
Ismayani, I., & Muhlizar, M. (2024). Execution of Fiduciary Guarantee Due to Debtor Default on Credit Agreement. Pena Justisia: Media for Communication and Legal Studies, 23(1), 466-478. https://doi.org/10.31941/pj.v23i1.3671
Ismayani; Mashdurohatun, Anis; Wahyuningsih, Sri Endah. (2023). Reconstruction of Fiduciary Guarantee Execution Arrangement Due to Debtor Default Based on Justice Value. JL Pol'y & Globalisation, 129, 16. DOI: 10.7176/JLPG/129-03
Inggriani Faisal Santiago, S. (2020). The Concept of Land Registration System in Indonesia in Realising Legal Certainty. Awang Long Law Review,3 (1), 62-66. https://ejournal.stih-awanglong.ac.id/index.php/awl/article/view/107%0Afile:///C:/Users/HP/Downloads/LR/Inggriani 2022.pdf
Judijonto, L., Bandung, M., West, J., Airlangga, U., & East, J. (2024). Credit Risk Management Strategies for Financial Stability in the Banking Sector. 1(5), 384–401.
Jatmiko Winarno. (2024). Implementation of Credit Agreement with Land Collateral at PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero), Tbk Karanganyar Branch Office. Terang, 1(2), 215-224. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32493/terang.v1i2.221
Kaunang, P. D. (2025). Juridical Review of Electronic Cancellation of Land Rights Certificates Based on Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian and Spatial Planning/Head of the National Land Agency of the Republic of Indonesia Number 21 of 2020. 2(1).
Lubis, R. (2021). Legal Protection of Customary Rights. Nurani, 21(1), 81–92.
Mahendra, R. I., Yasa, I. W., & Adonara, F. F. (2023). Notarial binding of a land sale and purchase agreement in which the object of the certificate is encumbered by a mortgage. International Journal of Social Science and Education Research Studies, 3(1), 50-56. https://doi.org/10.55677/ijssers/V03I1Y2023-07
Marsitiningsih, M., Inayah, W. N., & Putra, A. M. S. (2022). Analysis of the Constitutional Court Decision Number 28 / PUU-XI / 2013 Against Law Number 17/2012 concerning Cooperatives. Journal of Legal Dynamics,22 (2), 394. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jdh.2022.22.2.3391
Mulyati, E. (2021). Bank Cooperation Agreement with Agents in the Implementation of Branchless Banking in the Context of Realising Inclusive Finance. Fiat Justisia: Journal of Legal Science,15 (4), 301-326. https://doi.org/10.25041/fiatjustisia.v15no4.2269
Rachman, R. O., & Badriyah, S. M. (2024). Juridical Review of the Procedure for Cancellation of Certificates of Ownership Encumbered by Mortgage Rights. Sang Pencerah: Scientific Journal of Muhammadiyah Buton University, 10(3), 618-629. https://doi.org/10.35326/pencerah.v10i3.5379
Sonjaya, V. N. B., & Winanti, A. (2023). Implementation of Parate Execution of Mortgage Objects without Court Fiat to Resolve Problem Loans. Journal of USM Law Review, 6(3), 1307-1320. DOI: 10.26623/julr.v6i3.7901
Salim, A., & Rasyid, A. (2022). Legal Effects of Granting Credit Guarantee by Banks to Third Parties. 1(2), 443–455.
Sriwati. (2021). Legal Protection for Creditors Based on Cross Default and Cross Collateral Clauses in Credit Agreements. Confrontation: Journal of Cultural, Economic and Social Change,8 (1), 12-22. https://doi.org/10.33258/konfrontasi2.v8i1.137
Tanjaya, W., Isnainul, O. K., Pakpahan, E. F., & Maggie, M. (2023). Juridical Review of Unlawful Acts in Credit Agreements with Land Title Guarantees that have not been separated from the Parent Land Certificate (Study of Decision Number 388 Pk/Pdt/2020). JPPI (Journal of Indonesian Education Research),9 (2), 1048. https://doi.org/10.29210/020231937
Wibowo, F. M. (2023). Legal Analysis of the Enforcement of Two Mortgage Rights on One Land Certificate as an Object of Credit Guarantee. Social Science & Humanities Proceedings Series, 14, 342–347. https://doi.org/10.30595/pssh.v14i.1062
Yani, I., & Erma, Z. (2024). Forms of Crimes and Offences Occurring in the Field of Capital Markets in Investment. Marwah Hukum, 2(2), 10-23.
Zuchri. (2021). Qualitative Research Methods. In CV. syakir (Vol. 1, Issue 1). http://scioteca.caf.com/bitstream/handle/123456789/1091/RED2017-Eng-8ene. pdf?sequence=12&isAllowed=y%0Ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2008.06.005%0Ahttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/305320484_Centralised_Formulation_System_For_A_Sustainable_Strategy
Aditia Marta. (2020). Legal Protection Against Owners of Property Rights Certificates that are Used as Credit Collateral. Journal of Legal Science, 6(2), 1-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32493/jih.v6i2.1297
Alensia, M. P., & Lunandi, Y. Y. (2023). Granting credit based on collateral in the form of inherited objects on behalf of heirs in relation to the principle of legal certainty. Riwayat: Journal of History Education and Humanities, 6(2), 614-620. https://doi.org/10.24815/jr.v6i2.30887
Andryan, Azzahrafiya, and Siti Nurjanah. (2024). Juridical Analysis of Changes in Land Certificate Agreements Unilaterally by Creditors (Study of Decision No. 235/Pdt.G/2020/Pn Sgr). Journal of Legal Science, 6(4), 12421-12429. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32493/jih.v6i4.2214
Andryan, Azzahrafiya, and Siti Nurjanah. (2024). Juridical Analysis of Changes in Land Certificate Agreements Unilaterally by Creditors (Study of Decision No. 235/Pdt.G/2020/Pn Sgr). Journal of Legal Science, 6(4), 12421-12429. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32493/jih.v6i4.2214
Atikah, I. (2021). The urgency of a home ownership credit agreement as an effort to realise bank trust as a creditor. Journal of Law and Justice, 10(1), 31-63. https://doi.org/10.25216/jhp.10.1.2021.31-63
Aziz, A., Franciska, W., & Marniati, F. S. (2023). Legal Certainty of Mortgage Collateral on Certificate of Right to Use on Individual Property Rights Related to Refusal of Financing by Banks. Sentri: Journal of Scientific Research, 2(12), 5062-5071. Retrieved from https://ejournal.nusantaraglobal.or.id/index.php/sentri/article/view/1891
Andrianto. (2020). Credit Management Theories and Concepts for Commercial Banks (Pe. Print). CV. Qiara Media Publisher - Pasuruan, East Java.
Berlianty, T., Akyuwen, R. J., & Tas'an, D. P. (2023). Restructuring Banking Credit for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Due to the Covid-19 Pandemic. Batulis Civil Law Review,4 (1), 67. https://doi.org/10.47268/ballrev.v4i1.1497
Cahyaningrum, D., Hariyono, H. N. M., Budianto, E. W. H., & Dewi, N. D. T. (2023). Collateral in Sharia and Conventional Financial Institutions: VOSviewer Literature and Bibliometric Research.
Citra, H., Wahyuni, S., & Adbaida, A. (2024). Legal Certainty Regarding Repurchase Guarantees in Banking Agreements. Scientific Journal of Ecotrans & Erudition,4 (1), 184-190. https://doi.org/10.69989/swks7b89
Hidayat, R., & Pratiwi, A. M. (2021). Lending, Interest Income and Return On Equity at PT Bank SUMUT. Ihtifaz Annual Conference: Islamic ...,10 , 226-234. http://www.seminar.uad.ac.id/index.php/ihtifaz/article/view/6056%0Ahttp://www.seminar.uad.ac.id/index.php/ihtifaz/article/viewFile/6056/1316
Herryani, M. R. T. (2023). Guarantee of land rights that are transferred as objects of sale and purchase. Journal of Legal Reconstruction, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.26532/ijlr.v7i1.31207
Hulu, K. I. (2021). The evidentiary power of land title certificates as evidence of ownership rights. Journal of Arrow of Justice, 1(1), 27-31.
Ismayani, I. (2023). Reconstruction of Fiduciary Guarantee Execution Arrangements Due to Debtor Default Based on the Value of Justice (Doctoral dissertation, Sultan Agung Islamic University).
Ismayani, I., & Hayati, W. (2024). Review of Consumer Protection Law Against Default of Business Actors Engaged in Services. Journal of Social Science and Research, 7(2), 431-440. https://doi.org/10.54314/jssr.v7i2.1854
Ismayani, I., & Muhlizar, M. (2024). Execution of Fiduciary Guarantee Due to Debtor Default on Credit Agreement. Pena Justisia: Media for Communication and Legal Studies, 23(1), 466-478. https://doi.org/10.31941/pj.v23i1.3671
Ismayani; Mashdurohatun, Anis; Wahyuningsih, Sri Endah. (2023). Reconstruction of Fiduciary Guarantee Execution Arrangement Due to Debtor Default Based on Justice Value. JL Pol'y & Globalisation, 129, 16. DOI: 10.7176/JLPG/129-03
Inggriani Faisal Santiago, S. (2020). The Concept of Land Registration System in Indonesia in Realising Legal Certainty. Awang Long Law Review,3 (1), 62-66. https://ejournal.stih-awanglong.ac.id/index.php/awl/article/view/107%0Afile:///C:/Users/HP/Downloads/LR/Inggriani 2022.pdf
Judijonto, L., Bandung, M., West, J., Airlangga, U., & East, J. (2024). Credit Risk Management Strategies for Financial Stability in the Banking Sector. 1(5), 384–401.
Jatmiko Winarno. (2024). Implementation of Credit Agreement with Land Collateral at PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero), Tbk Karanganyar Branch Office. Terang, 1(2), 215-224. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32493/terang.v1i2.221
Kaunang, P. D. (2025). Juridical Review of Electronic Cancellation of Land Rights Certificates Based on Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian and Spatial Planning/Head of the National Land Agency of the Republic of Indonesia Number 21 of 2020. 2(1).
Lubis, R. (2021). Legal Protection of Customary Rights. Nurani, 21(1), 81–92.
Mahendra, R. I., Yasa, I. W., & Adonara, F. F. (2023). Notarial binding of a land sale and purchase agreement in which the object of the certificate is encumbered by a mortgage. International Journal of Social Science and Education Research Studies, 3(1), 50-56. https://doi.org/10.55677/ijssers/V03I1Y2023-07
Marsitiningsih, M., Inayah, W. N., & Putra, A. M. S. (2022). Analysis of the Constitutional Court Decision Number 28 / PUU-XI / 2013 Against Law Number 17/2012 concerning Cooperatives. Journal of Legal Dynamics,22 (2), 394. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jdh.2022.22.2.3391
Mulyati, E. (2021). Bank Cooperation Agreement with Agents in the Implementation of Branchless Banking in the Context of Realising Inclusive Finance. Fiat Justisia: Journal of Legal Science,15 (4), 301-326. https://doi.org/10.25041/fiatjustisia.v15no4.2269
Rachman, R. O., & Badriyah, S. M. (2024). Juridical Review of the Procedure for Cancellation of Certificates of Ownership Encumbered by Mortgage Rights. Sang Pencerah: Scientific Journal of Muhammadiyah Buton University, 10(3), 618-629. https://doi.org/10.35326/pencerah.v10i3.5379
Sonjaya, V. N. B., & Winanti, A. (2023). Implementation of Parate Execution of Mortgage Objects without Court Fiat to Resolve Problem Loans. Journal of USM Law Review, 6(3), 1307-1320. DOI: 10.26623/julr.v6i3.7901
Salim, A., & Rasyid, A. (2022). Legal Effects of Granting Credit Guarantee by Banks to Third Parties. 1(2), 443–455.
Sriwati. (2021). Legal Protection for Creditors Based on Cross Default and Cross Collateral Clauses in Credit Agreements. Confrontation: Journal of Cultural, Economic and Social Change,8 (1), 12-22. https://doi.org/10.33258/konfrontasi2.v8i1.137
Tanjaya, W., Isnainul, O. K., Pakpahan, E. F., & Maggie, M. (2023). Juridical Review of Unlawful Acts in Credit Agreements with Land Title Guarantees that have not been separated from the Parent Land Certificate (Study of Decision Number 388 Pk/Pdt/2020). JPPI (Journal of Indonesian Education Research),9 (2), 1048. https://doi.org/10.29210/020231937
Wibowo, F. M. (2023). Legal Analysis of the Enforcement of Two Mortgage Rights on One Land Certificate as an Object of Credit Guarantee. Social Science & Humanities Proceedings Series, 14, 342–347. https://doi.org/10.30595/pssh.v14i.1062
Yani, I., & Erma, Z. (2024). Forms of Crimes and Offences Occurring in the Field of Capital Markets in Investment. Marwah Hukum, 2(2), 10-23.
Zuchri. (2021). Qualitative Research Methods. In CV. syakir (Vol. 1, Issue 1). http://scioteca.caf.com/bitstream/handle/123456789/1091/RED2017-Eng-8ene. pdf?sequence=12&isAllowed=y%0Ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2008.06.005%0Ahttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/305320484_Centralised_Formulation_System_For_A_Sustainable_Strategy
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