Handling victim blaming in cases of sexual violence against women (KBGO) by law number 12 of 2022
Main Article Content
Abstract
Women are considered vulnerable groups, accounting for the majority of sexual violence victims. People often place partial or complete blame on women for the sexual violence they have experienced. This relates to the concept of gender equality, patriarchal culture, and the mass media. This research aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the Sexual Violence Crime Law through literature studies, based on the principle that the best interests of the victim can reduce and prevent the occurrence of victim blaming. The research method applied is normative legal research, which uses a statutory and conceptual approach. The results of this research demonstrate the existence of various forms of victim blaming, their associated impacts, and the role that the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 12 of 2022 concerning the Crime of Sexual Violence plays in preventing and reducing victim blaming. Therefore, we anticipate that the results of this study will enhance our understanding of criminal law, particularly in the context of handling victim blaming in sexual violence cases, and offer valuable insights for government and law enforcement officials in the areas of law enforcement, public order, and public peace.
Article Details
How to Cite
Ishwara, A. S. S. . (2025). Handling victim blaming in cases of sexual violence against women (KBGO) by law number 12 of 2022. Journal of Law Science, 7(2), 260-270. https://doi.org/10.35335/jls.v7i2.5835
References
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Kurniawan, W. (2021). Jorge Luis Borges, Realisme Magis, dan Filsafat. BASABASI.
Maslim, R. (2013). Diagnosis gangguan jiwa. In Ilmu Kedokteran Jiwa FK-Unika Atmajaya. PT Nuh Jaya.
Moor, A. (2010). Relation to Blaming the Victims of Sexual Violence Relation to Blaming the Victims of Sexual Violence. Journal of International Women’s Studies, 11(4), 115–127. https://vc.bridgew.edu/jiws/vol11/iss4/8
Muhaimin. (2020). Metode Penelitian Hukum. Mataram University Press.
Muhammad, I. (2020). Pengaruh Perilaku Menyalahkan Korban dalam Tindak Pidana Asusila di Indonesia. JOM Fakultas Hukum Universitas Riau, 7(2), 1–15. https://jnse.ejournal.unri.ac.id/index.php/JOMFHUKUM/article/view/28875
Nurbayani, S., & Wahyuni, S. (2023). Victim Blaming in Rape Culture (Issue May).
Nurisman, E. (2022). Risalah Tantangan Penegakan Hukum Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual Pasca Lahirnya Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2022. Jurnal Pembangunan Hukum Indonesia, 4(2), 170–196. https://doi.org/10.14710/jphi.v4i2.170-196
O’Donohue, W., & Schewe, P. (2019). Handbook of Sexual Assault and Sexual Assault Prevention. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23645-8
Organization, W. H. (2012). Understanding and addressing violence against women: Intimate partner violence. World Health Organization.
Paripurna, A., Astutik, S. H., Prilian Cahyani, S. H., MH, L. L. M., Kurniawan, R. A., & SH, M. (2021). Viktimologi dan sistem peradilan pidana. Deepublish.
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Rabbaniyah, S., & Salsabila, S. (2022). Patriarki Dalam Budaya Jawa; Membangun Perilaku Pembungkaman Diri Pada Perempuan Korban Seksual Dalam Kampus. Community?: Pengawas Dinamika Sosial, 8(1), 113. https://doi.org/10.35308/jcpds.v8i1.4586
Rahmi, A. (2021). The Elimination of Sexual Violence Bill: Prevention Effort and Access to Justice for Victim. 592(Iclhr), 451–455. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211112.058
Rocky Marbun, S. H. (n.d.). Kapita selekta penegakan hukum (acara) pidana mengungkap aspek ideologis (kepentingan) dalam interpretasi hukum sebagai truth-games. Publica Indonesia Utama.
Santoso, B. A., & Bezaleel, M. (2018). Perancangan Komik 360 sebagai Media Informasi tentang Pelecehan Seksual Cat Calling. ANDHARUPA: Jurnal Desain Komunikasi Visual & Multimedia, 4(01), 14–24. https://doi.org/10.33633/andharupa.v4i01.1544
Sari, K. W., & Haryono, C. G. (2018). HEGEMONI BUDAYA PATRIARKI PADA FILM (Analisis Naratif Tzvetan Todorov Terhadap Film Kartini 2017). Jurnal SEMIOTIKA, 12(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.30813/s:jk.v12i1.1542
Sastrawati, N. (2012). Hukum Sebagai Sistem Integrasi: Pertimbangan Nilai “Keperawanan” dalam Kasus Perkosaan. Al Daulah: Jurnal Hukum Pidana Dan Ketatanegaraan, 1(1), 76–104. https://journal3.uin-alauddin.ac.id/index.php/al_daulah/article/view/1464
Shopiani, B. S., Wilodati, W., & Supriadi, U. (2021). Fenonema Victim Blaming pada Mahasiswa terhadap Korban Pelecehan Seksual. Sosietas, 11(1), 13–26. https://doi.org/10.17509/sosietas.v11i1.36089
Suryadi, I. (2011). Peran Media Massa dalam Membentuk Realitas Sosial. Academica: Majalah Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik, 3(2). http://jurnal.untad.ac.id/jurnal/index.php/academica/article/view/2283
Taylor, J. (2020). Why women are blamed for everything: exposing the culture of victim-blaming. Hachette UK.
UU RI. (2022). Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 12 Tahun 2022 tentang Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual. Kementerian Sekretariat Negara Republik Indonesia, 1(69), 1–84.
Wolhuter, L., Olley, N., & Denham, D. (2008). Victimology: Victimisation and victims’ rights. Routledge-Cavendish.
Wulandari, E. P., & Krisnani, H. (2021). Kecenderungan Menyalahkan Korban (Victim-Blaming) Dalam Kekerasan Seksual Terhadap Perempuan Sebagai Dampak Kekeliruan Atribusi. Share?: Social Work Journal, 10(2), 187. https://doi.org/10.24198/share.v10i2.31408
Yusnia, B., & Satiti, N. L. U. (2020). Analisis Framing Majalah Daring Magdalene.Co Mengenai Kekerasan Perempuan. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Yusup, A., Komariah, S., & Nurbayani, S. (2023). Identity Politics & Power Relations Against Sexual Violence in Religious Higher Education Environment. Jurnal Paedagogy, 10(3), 831–838. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33394/jp.v10i3.7715
Afredo, A., Khoerunnisa, A. R., Fitriani, A., & Astuti, N. F. (2023). Persepsi Mahasiswa Tangerang Mengenai Victim Blaming Dalam Pelecehan Seksual. Das Sollen?: Jurnal Kajian Kontemporer Hukum Dan Masyarakat, 1(2), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.11111/dassollen.xxxxxxx
Bachtiar, B. (2019). Metode Penelitian Hukum. Unpam Press.
Bhuptani, P. H., & Messman, T. L. (2023). Role of blame and rape-related shame in distress among rape victims. In Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy (Vol. 15, Issue 4, pp. 557–566). Educational Publishing Foundation. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001132
Bongiorno, R., Langbroek, C., Bain, P. G., Ting, M., & Ryan, M. K. (2020). Why women are blamed for being sexually harassed: The effects of empathy for female victims and male perpetrators. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 44(1), 11–27. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361684319868730
Campbell, R., & Raja, S. (1999). Secondary victimization of rape victims: Insights from mental health professionals who treat survivors of violence. In Violence and Victims (Vol. 14, Issue 3, pp. 261–275). Springer Publishing.
Darma, I. M. W., Triwulandari, I. G. A. A. M., & Bunga, D. (2022). Victim Blaming: Labeling for Women Victims of Sexual Violence in Human Rights Perspective. International Journal of Law Reconstruction, 6(2), 212. https://doi.org/10.26532/ijlr.v6i2.23887
Dhuha Najib, F., & Sunarto. (2020). Blaming the Victim?: Objektifikasi Korban Kekerasan Seksual Dalam Pemberitaan Di Media Online Balairungpress.Com. Interaksi Online, 8(2), 53–63. https://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index.php/interaksi-online/article/view/27401
Faisal, F., Ghazali, M., Umar, M. H., & Djafar, M. M. M. (2023). Perempuan Sebagai Korban Kekerasan Seksual: Apakah Hukum Sudah Cukup Memberikan Keadilan.
Firmanda, H., Azlina, I. I. S., & Septipah, I. (2023). Perlindungan Korban Kekerasan Seksual yang Mengalami Victim Blaming di Media Sosial Berdasarkan Aliran Realisme Hukum. Reformasi Hukum, 27(1), 38–49. https://doi.org/10.46257/jrh.v27i1.489
Gravelin, C. R., Biernat, M., & Bucher, C. E. (2019). Blaming the victim of acquaintance rape: Individual, situational, and sociocultural factors. In Frontiers in Psychology (Vol. 9). Frontiers Media S.A. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02422
Guamarawati, N. A. (2009). Suatu kajian kriminologis mengenai kekerasan terhadap perempuan dalam relasi pacaran heteroseksual. In Jurnal Kriminologi Indonesia (Vol. 5, Issue 1, pp. 43–55). http://journal.ui.ac.id/index.php/jki/article/view/1255/1160
Ihsani, S. N. (2021). Kekerasan Berbasis Gender dalam Victim-Blaming pada Kasus Pelecehan yang Dipublikasi Media Online. Jurnal Wanita Dan Keluarga, 2(1), 12–21. https://doi.org/10.22146/jwk.2239
Indrasty, R., & Wibawa, D. (n.d.). Rojudin.(2018). Gender dalam Kasus Kekerasan terhadap Perempuan di Media Online [UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung]. In Jurnal Komunikasi Jurnalistik (Vol. 3). https://digilib.uinsgd.ac.id/23406/
Komnas Perempuan. (2023). Kekerasan terhadap Perempuan di Ranah Publik dan Negara: Minimnya Perlindungan dan Pemulihan. Catatan Tahunan Komnas Perempuan Tahun 2022. https://komnasperempuan.go.id/siaran-pers-detail/catahu-2020-komnas-perempuan-lembar-fakta-dan-poin-kunci-5-maret-2021
Komnas Perempuan. (2024). Siaran Pers Gerak Bersama dalam Data: Laporan Sinergi Database Kekerasan Terhadap Perempuan Tahun 2023. Komisi Nasional Anti Kekerasan Terhadap Perempuan. https://komnasperempuan.go.id/siaran-pers-detail/siaran-pers-gerak-bersama-dalam-data-laporan-sinergi-database-kekerasan-terhadap-perempuan-tahun-2023#:~:text=Kekerasan berbasis gender online (KBGO) juga menjadi perhatian khusus karena,positif atas pelunc
Kurniawan, W. (2021). Jorge Luis Borges, Realisme Magis, dan Filsafat. BASABASI.
Maslim, R. (2013). Diagnosis gangguan jiwa. In Ilmu Kedokteran Jiwa FK-Unika Atmajaya. PT Nuh Jaya.
Moor, A. (2010). Relation to Blaming the Victims of Sexual Violence Relation to Blaming the Victims of Sexual Violence. Journal of International Women’s Studies, 11(4), 115–127. https://vc.bridgew.edu/jiws/vol11/iss4/8
Muhaimin. (2020). Metode Penelitian Hukum. Mataram University Press.
Muhammad, I. (2020). Pengaruh Perilaku Menyalahkan Korban dalam Tindak Pidana Asusila di Indonesia. JOM Fakultas Hukum Universitas Riau, 7(2), 1–15. https://jnse.ejournal.unri.ac.id/index.php/JOMFHUKUM/article/view/28875
Nurbayani, S., & Wahyuni, S. (2023). Victim Blaming in Rape Culture (Issue May).
Nurisman, E. (2022). Risalah Tantangan Penegakan Hukum Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual Pasca Lahirnya Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2022. Jurnal Pembangunan Hukum Indonesia, 4(2), 170–196. https://doi.org/10.14710/jphi.v4i2.170-196
O’Donohue, W., & Schewe, P. (2019). Handbook of Sexual Assault and Sexual Assault Prevention. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23645-8
Organization, W. H. (2012). Understanding and addressing violence against women: Intimate partner violence. World Health Organization.
Paripurna, A., Astutik, S. H., Prilian Cahyani, S. H., MH, L. L. M., Kurniawan, R. A., & SH, M. (2021). Viktimologi dan sistem peradilan pidana. Deepublish.
PERPRES RI. (2024). UNIT PELAKSANA TEKNIS DAERAH PERLINDUNGAN PEREMPUAN DAN ANAK DENGAN RAHMAT TUHAN YANG MAHA ESA Menimbang Mengingat PRESIDEN REPUBLIK INDONESIA. Peraturan.Bpk.Go.Id, 205145, 205145–205161. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/283290/perpres-no-55-tahun-2024
Rabbaniyah, S., & Salsabila, S. (2022). Patriarki Dalam Budaya Jawa; Membangun Perilaku Pembungkaman Diri Pada Perempuan Korban Seksual Dalam Kampus. Community?: Pengawas Dinamika Sosial, 8(1), 113. https://doi.org/10.35308/jcpds.v8i1.4586
Rahmi, A. (2021). The Elimination of Sexual Violence Bill: Prevention Effort and Access to Justice for Victim. 592(Iclhr), 451–455. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211112.058
Rocky Marbun, S. H. (n.d.). Kapita selekta penegakan hukum (acara) pidana mengungkap aspek ideologis (kepentingan) dalam interpretasi hukum sebagai truth-games. Publica Indonesia Utama.
Santoso, B. A., & Bezaleel, M. (2018). Perancangan Komik 360 sebagai Media Informasi tentang Pelecehan Seksual Cat Calling. ANDHARUPA: Jurnal Desain Komunikasi Visual & Multimedia, 4(01), 14–24. https://doi.org/10.33633/andharupa.v4i01.1544
Sari, K. W., & Haryono, C. G. (2018). HEGEMONI BUDAYA PATRIARKI PADA FILM (Analisis Naratif Tzvetan Todorov Terhadap Film Kartini 2017). Jurnal SEMIOTIKA, 12(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.30813/s:jk.v12i1.1542
Sastrawati, N. (2012). Hukum Sebagai Sistem Integrasi: Pertimbangan Nilai “Keperawanan” dalam Kasus Perkosaan. Al Daulah: Jurnal Hukum Pidana Dan Ketatanegaraan, 1(1), 76–104. https://journal3.uin-alauddin.ac.id/index.php/al_daulah/article/view/1464
Shopiani, B. S., Wilodati, W., & Supriadi, U. (2021). Fenonema Victim Blaming pada Mahasiswa terhadap Korban Pelecehan Seksual. Sosietas, 11(1), 13–26. https://doi.org/10.17509/sosietas.v11i1.36089
Suryadi, I. (2011). Peran Media Massa dalam Membentuk Realitas Sosial. Academica: Majalah Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik, 3(2). http://jurnal.untad.ac.id/jurnal/index.php/academica/article/view/2283
Taylor, J. (2020). Why women are blamed for everything: exposing the culture of victim-blaming. Hachette UK.
UU RI. (2022). Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 12 Tahun 2022 tentang Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual. Kementerian Sekretariat Negara Republik Indonesia, 1(69), 1–84.
Wolhuter, L., Olley, N., & Denham, D. (2008). Victimology: Victimisation and victims’ rights. Routledge-Cavendish.
Wulandari, E. P., & Krisnani, H. (2021). Kecenderungan Menyalahkan Korban (Victim-Blaming) Dalam Kekerasan Seksual Terhadap Perempuan Sebagai Dampak Kekeliruan Atribusi. Share?: Social Work Journal, 10(2), 187. https://doi.org/10.24198/share.v10i2.31408
Yusnia, B., & Satiti, N. L. U. (2020). Analisis Framing Majalah Daring Magdalene.Co Mengenai Kekerasan Perempuan. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Yusup, A., Komariah, S., & Nurbayani, S. (2023). Identity Politics & Power Relations Against Sexual Violence in Religious Higher Education Environment. Jurnal Paedagogy, 10(3), 831–838. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33394/jp.v10i3.7715
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